Sunday, November 8, 2015
Microsoft Windows History
In 1983, Microsoft announced the development of a graphical user interface for the operating system, MS-DOS and the four that have been made for the IBM PC and compatible computers since 1981.
Microsoft Windows or better known as Windows is a family of operating systems. developed by Microsoft, by using the graphical user interface.
Windows operating systems have evolved from MS-DOS, an operating system based on the mode of text and command-line. The first versions of Windows, Windows Graphic Environment 1.0 was first introduced on 10 November 1983, but recently quit the market in November of 1985, which was created to meet the needs of the computer with the display picture. Windows 1.0 is a 16-bit software (not the operating system) running on top of MS-DOS (and several variants from MS-DOS), so he won't be able to walk without any operating system DOS. Version 2.x, 3.x version is also the same. Some versions of Windows (starting from version 4.0 and Windows NT 3.1) is a standalone operating system that no longer relies on the MS-DOS operating system. Microsoft Windows can then evolve and can master the use of the operating system until you reach 90%.
Starting from DosShell for DOS 6 from Microsoft and Microsoft want it to compete against his Apple Macintosh sales using the GUI, Microsoft created Windows 1.0. The name is derived from the kelatahan of Microsoft employees who mentioned the name of the application as a Windows Program (the Program window). Windows version 2 was the first version of Windows be installed programs. The only program that can be added is the Microsoft Word version 1. Windows version 3 promises a lot more additional applications, completeness of use, user interface or interface beauty and easy configuration. Windows version 3.1 is a version of Windows that is able to optimize its use on 32-bit processors on Intel 80386 and above. Windows version 3.11 is the last version of Windows before the era of the Start Menu. Windows 3.11 is also the first Windows version that supports networking/network. The hybrid versions can be run without MS-DOS. The Hybrid version of the install itself with DOS 7. Unlike the 16-bit version of Windows which is a shell that must be installed through DOS first. Its application was different. Although Windows 9 x can run 16-bit Windows applications, however Windows 9 x has its own application of grade-x 86-32, is very popular with Windows 9 x BSOD (Blue Screen of Death).
Here are a few versions of the microsoft windows OS:
Windows 95
Microsoft began development of a version of Windows that is oriented to the user who was given the code name Chicago. Chicago was designed in order to have support for a pre-emptive multitasking 32-bit as well as in the OS/2 and Windows NT, 16-bit kernel even though it still contained therein for reasons of backward compatibility. The Win32 API first introduced in Windows NT was adopted as a new programming interface standard 32-bit-based, with Win16 compatibility using a technique called "thunking". The new GUI is also owned by the operating system, while Microsoft did not initially planned as part of the operating system when it was released. Indeed some user interface elements owned by Cairo borrowed and added to the operating system or the other aspects of that version (specifically the Plug and Play feature).
Microsoft does not replace all the Windows code to 32-bit; many parts of it remained 16-bit (although not using the real mode directly), for reasons of backwards compatibility, performance, and development time. This and the fact that a number of weaknesses in the design of the previous versions of Windows, make the new operating system is compromised its stability and efficiency.
Finally, the marketing name of Microsoft's Windows 95 as the product name for Chicago when it was released on August 24, 1995. Microsoft has two advantages of this launch: 1) it is impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a DOS operating system instead of Microsoft which is much cheaper. 2) Although traces of DOS were not been revoked from the operating system, instead of the version established a version of DOS to load as part of the booting process, Windows 95 runs by itself in 386 Enhanced mode, by using the virtual memory addressing model and a 32-bit flat memory. The features that make the Win32 applications to address the virtual RAM as much as up to 2 gigabytes (2 gigabytes with the rest reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevents such applications to interfere with memory space owned by any other Win32 application without the approval of the operating system. In this case, it is the functionality of Windows 95 approaching what is owned by Windows NT, although Windows 95/98/Me does not support memory above 512 megabytes without editing the system configuration hassle.
Behind the success of Microsoft, IBM continued OS/2 market, by producing the OS/2 version 3.0 and OS/2 Warp (version 4.0). IBM is responding to complaints filed by consumers regarding computer hardware needs are high requested by OS/2 2.0, OS/2 version 3.0 made much slimmer by performing the optimization on the size and speed. Before Windows 95 was released, OS/2 Warp 3.0 has even bundled in some major hardware provider in Germany. However, with the release of Windows 95, OS/2 was again losing its market share back, taken over by Windows 95.
May not be possible to find out what the reason why OS/2 failed in gaining a large market share. Although OS/2 continued to be able to run Windows 3.1 applications, actually nothing short of again, except at a fraction of the Windows API called Win32s. Unlike Windows 3.1, IBM does not have access to the source code of Windows 95 and does not want to use time and resources to do the emulation of Win32 API. IBM also introduced OS/2 in the case of United States versus Microsoft, by blaming the marketing ploy on the part of Microsoft, but many people may agree that the problems in the marketing of IBM is very less and its support from the developers of the software that led to failure-the failure of OS/2.
Windows 98
On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released a new Windows operating system, known as Windows 98. Windows 98 is considered a minor revision of Windows 95, but in general the views are much more stable and reliable than its predecessor, Windows 95. Windows 98 includes a lot of new hardware and drivers support the FAT32 file system which allow a better partition to have a capacity of greater than 2 gigabytes, a limitation in Windows 95. USB support in Windows 98 is also much better compared to its predecessor.
Windows 98 inviting controversy when Microsoft entered the Microsoft Internet Explorer web browser into the operating system and cannot be revoked, making the Windows Explorer and the Windows GUI is capable of displaying a directory as if it were a web page. This opens the new cases, referred to as United States versus Microsoft, asking why Microsoft bother keeping its dominance in personal computer operating systems to compete with its competitors like Netscape and IBM in a way that is not honest.
In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, a release which offers many improvements over the previous version. Internet Connection Sharing, which is a form of Network Address Translation, which allows multiple machines within a local network to use one Internet connection lines together fruity was introduced in this version. A lot of minor issues in the Windows of the old has been corrected, which makes Windows 98 according to many as a Windows 9 x version is the most stable of all other versions of Windows 9 x.
Windows XP
Windows XP uses the Windows NT 5.1 kernel, making the Windows NT kernel is known for its stability enters the home consumer market, to replace Windows 9 x based products 16/32-bit.
Windows XP is the operating system version of Windows that is the longest (at least until now), because it ranges from 2001 to 2007, when Windows Vista was released to consumers. The Windows XP operating system, eventually being succeeded by Windows Vista on January 30, 2007.
Windows XP is available in several versions:
• Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops.
• Windows XP Home Edition N, as Home Edition, but don't have Windows Media Player, as mandated by a European Union ruling
• Windows XP Professional, which is intended for the power users and businesses.
• Windows XP Professional N, as Professional Edition, but don't have Windows Media Player, due to Eu rules did not allow it.
• Windows XP Media Center Edition (MCE), released in November 2002, the Windows XP Home Edition for desktops and laptops with an emphasis on home-based entertainment.
• Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for Tablet PCs (PCs with touch screen)
• Windows XP Embedded, for embedded systems (embedded systems)
• Windows XP Starter Edition, aimed at computer users in some developing countries.
• Windows XP Professional x 64 Edition, which was released on April 25, 2005 to the home systems and workstations that use 64-bit processors based on the x 86-64 instruction set (AMD64).
• Windows XP 64-bit Edition, is a version of Windows XP that is geared for the Itanium processor, which maintains compatibility with 32-bit applications using the emulator software. This version is just the same as Windows XP Professional, in terms of its features. This product was discontinued in September 2005 when the last vendor of Itanium processor-based workstations to stop its products as "workstation", because they tend to focus on Itanium as a base for computer servers.
Windows Vista
After the great success achieved with Windows XP, Microsoft does not then just stops developing Windows. The latest version of Windows, called Windows Vista, released on November 30, 2006 for businesses while for home users was released on 30 January 2007. Windows Vista was proclaimed in order to have a more robust security than previous versions, with the introduction of a limited user mode, which is known as User Account Control (UAC), to replace the philosophy of "administrator-by-default" imposed on Windows XP. Windows Vista also introduces the features of graph much more "enchanting", called by the Windows Aero GUI, new applications (such as Windows Calendar, Windows DVD Maker and some new games including Chess Titans, Mahjong, and Purble Place). In addition, Windows Vista also offers a version of Microsoft Internet Explorer that is more secure, as well as a new version of Windows Media Player (version 11).
Windows Vista uses the version number 6.0, so there is indeed a significant version differences when compared with Windows XP that uses the version number of 5.1 or Windows Server 2003 (5.2). Because, does Windows Vista have many fundamental differences, particularly on the part of the basic architecture of the operating system.
Windows Vista is sold in several editions:
• Windows Vista Starter
• Windows Vista Home Basic
• Windows Vista Home Premium
• Windows Vista Business
• Windows Vista Enterprise
• Windows Vista Ultimate
Windows 7
The next release after Windows Vista is Windows 7, formerly known as Blackcomb and Vienna. When first released, the Windows NT kernel is version 6.1 build 7600, namely repair of Windows Vista which has an NT kernel releases first 6.0 build 6000. Windows 7 was released on October 22, 2009 has a security and the new features, such as: Jump lists, Taskbar that opened the program with a small display, Windows Media Player 11, Internet Explorer 8, and others. Some of the unique features is a Sidebar Gadget is renamed and freely placed everywhere on the desktop (not like the Sidebar which can only be placed in specific places). The features that make Windows 7 to be attractive. Windows 7 specs are lighter and the price is also cheaper than in Windows Vista.
Just like Windows Vista, Windows 7 also includes 6 editions are:
• Windows 7 Starter
• Windows 7 Home Basic
• Windows 7 Home Premium
• Windows 7 Professional
• Windows 7 Ultimate
• Windows 7 Enterprise
